門 (生物)

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生物分類學
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非細胞生物病毒
細胞生物古菌域細菌域真核域真菌界原生生物界植物界動物界

門（英文：動物界的門為Phylum，植物界的門為Division^[1]）是生物分類法中的一級，位于界和綱之間，有時在門下也分亞門。目前動物界擁有35個門，植物界則擁有12個門，許多門種類繁多，例如蛻皮動物與有胚植物。

動物門

門	涵義	名稱	分類特征	種類
棘頭動物門	Thorny headed worms	Thorny-headed worms	Reversible spiny proboscis	7002756000000000000approx. 756
無腔動物門	Without gut	Acoels	No mouth or alimentary canal (alimentary canal = digestive tract in digestive system)
環節動物門	Little ring	Segmented worms	生物體柔軟，分節	700417000000000000017,000+ extant
節肢動物門	Jointed foot	Arthropods	甲殼素外骨骼	70061134000000000001,134,000+
腕足動物門	Arm foot	Lamp shells	Lophophore，有肉莖	7002300000000000000300-500 extant
外肛動物門	Moss animals	Moss animals, sea mats	Lophophore，沒有肉莖，ciliated tentacles	70035000000000000005,000 extant
毛顎動物門	Longhair jaw	Arrow worms	在頭和鰭的兩邊均有幾丁質組成的尖刺	7002100000000000000approx. 100 extant
脊索動物門	Cord	Chordates	Hollow dorsal nerve cord, 脊索, pharyngeal slits, endostyle, 肛門	7005100000000000000approx. 100,000+
刺胞動物門	Stinging nettle	Coelenterates	Nematocysts (stinging cells)	7004110000000000000approx. 11,000
櫛水母動物門	Comb bearer	Comb jellies	Eight "comb rows" of fused cilia	7002100000000000000approx. 100 extant
環口動物門	Wheel carrying	Symbion	Circular mouth surrounded by small cilia	70003000000000000003+
棘皮動物門	Spiny skin	Echinoderms	Fivefold radial symmetry in living forms, mesodermal calcified spines	7003700000000000000approx. 7,000 extant; approx. 13,000 extinct
內肛動物門	Inside anus	Goblet worm	Anus inside ring of cilia	7002150000000000000approx. 150
腹毛動物門	Hair stomach	Meiofauna	Two terminal adhesive tubes	7002690000000000000approx. 690
顎胃動物門	Jaw orifice	Jaw worms		7002100000000000000approx. 100
半索動物門	Half cord	Acorn worms, pterobranchs	Stomochord in collar, pharyngeal slits	7002100000000000000approx. 100 extant
動吻動物門	Motion snout	Mud dragons	Eleven segments, each with a dorsal plate	7002150000000000000approx. 150
鎧甲動物門	Corset bearer	Brush heads	Umbrella-like scales at each end	7002122000000000000approx. 122
微顎動物門	Tiny jaw animals	—	Accordion like extensible thorax	70001000000000000001
軟件動物門	Soft	Mollusks / molluscs	Muscular foot and mantle round shell	7005112000000000000112,000^[2]
線蟲動物門	Thread like	Round worms	Round cross section, keratin cuticle	700480000000000000080,000–1,000,000
線形動物門	Thread form	Horsehair worms		7002320000000000000approx. 320
紐形動物門	A sea nymph	Ribbon worms		7003120000000000000approx. 1,200
有爪動物門	Claw bearer	Velvet worms	Legs tipped by chitinous claws	7002200000000000000approx. 200 extant
直泳蟲門	Straight swim		Single layer of ciliated cells surrounding a mass of sex cells	7001200000000000000approx. 20
帚蟲動物門	Zeus's mistress	Horseshoe worms	U-shaped gut	700120000000000000020
扁盤動物門	Plate animals			70001000000000000001
扁形動物門	Flat worms	Flat worms		7004250000000000000approx. 25,000^[3]
多孔動物門 *	Pore bearer	Sponges	Perforated interior wall	70035000000000000005,000+ extant
鰓曳動物門	Little Priapus			700116000000000000016
菱形蟲門	Lozenge animal	—	Single axial cell surrounded by ciliated cells	700175000000000000075
輪形動物門	Wheel bearer	Rotifers	Anterior crown of cilia	7003200000000000000approx. 2,000
星蟲動物門	Small tube	Peanut worms	Mouth surrounded by invertible tentacles	7002144000000000000144–320
緩步動物門	Slow step	Water bears	Four segmented body and head	70031000000000000001,000+
異渦動物門	Strange flatworm	—	Ciliated deuterostome	70002000000000000002
Total: 35				2,000,000-

	原口動物	兩側對稱動物
	后口動物
	存有爭議
	其他

植物門

門	涵義	名稱	特征
角苔門	Flower-horn plants	Hornworts	喇叭狀的孢子體，無維管束系統
苔蘚植物門	苔蘚植物	Mosses	長壽的不分枝孢子體，無維管束系統
地錢門	Marchantia plants	Liverworts	短暫的不分枝孢子體，無維管束系統
石松門	Wolf foot plants	Clubmosses & Spikemosses	小型葉，具維管束系統
蕨類植物門	蕨類植物	Ferns & Horsetails	Prothallus gametophytes, 具維管束系統
種子蕨門	有種子的蕨	Seed ferns	只從化石得知，多從泥盆紀，有爭議^[4]
松柏門	Sap/pitch plants	Conifers	Cones containing seeds and wood composed of tracheids
蘇鐵門		Cycads	Seeds, crown of compound leaves
銀杏門	銀杏	Ginkgo, Maidenhair	Seeds not protected by fruit (single species)
買麻藤門		Gnetophytes	Seeds and woody vascular system with vessels
被子植物門	開花植物	Flowering plants	Flowers and fruit, vascular system with vessels

參考資料

↑ Life sciences. The American Heritage New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy. third. Houghton Mifflin Company. 2005 [2008-10-04]. "Phyla in the plant kingdom are frequently called divisions."
↑ Feldkamp, S. (2002) Modern Biology. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, USA. (pp. 725)
↑ Species Register. Flatworms — Phylum Platyhelminthes. Marine Discovery Centres [2007-04-09].
↑ "Kingdom Plantae Tree of Life".

外部連結

Are phyla "real"? Is there really a well-defined "number of animal phyla" extant and in the fossil record?
Major Phyla Of Animals

參考來源

維基百科-門 (生物)

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